{"id":1656,"date":"2017-09-27T01:55:07","date_gmt":"2017-09-27T01:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/?p=1656"},"modified":"2017-09-27T01:55:07","modified_gmt":"2017-09-27T01:55:07","slug":"a-beautiful-if-evil-strategy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/?p=1656","title":{"rendered":"A Beautiful If Evil Strategy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>As the planet fills up with plastic and the EU ponders its new \u2018plastics strategy\u2019, is the great re-framing and concern co-option strategy of the plastics industry finally going to run out of road?\u00a0 The threat of invisible omnipresent micro-plastics may force policy-makers to rethink plastic entirely.<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1663\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/microsoft-bliss.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/microsoft-bliss.jpg 640w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/microsoft-bliss-300x187.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It is said that the world\u2019s most viewed image is Microsoft\u2019s \u2018bliss\u2019, that unreal looking green hill, blue sky XP background which personally I always found unlikeable and repellent because it shows such complete subjugation of nature.\u00a0 Anyway, according to Seventh Light Studio, by 2017 it <a href=\"https:\/\/seventhlightstudio.com\/the-worlds-most-viewed-image\/\">was \u2018safe to say\u2019<\/a> it has been seen over a billion times.<\/p>\n<p>But probably the greatest actual communications dis-service ever done to nature was by a 1970s TV advertising campaign which is said to have been viewed 14 billion times: the \u2018Crying Indian\u2019 by <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keep_America_Beautiful\">Keep America Beautiful<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1666\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Iron-Eyes-Cody-ad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Iron-Eyes-Cody-ad.jpg 480w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Iron-Eyes-Cody-ad-274x300.jpg 274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The pure genius of this highly emotive campaign was that it bought a social licence for mass production of disposable packaging, by championing action to clean up the pollution it led to.<\/p>\n<p>The story is legendary in the annals of advertising and now that hundreds of NGOs are joining forces to try and head off the tsunami of plastic waste invading our environment and our bodies, campaigners should have a good look at it.\u00a0 Try <a href=\"https:\/\/orionmagazine.org\/article\/the-crying-indian\/\">this brilliant article<\/a> from <em>Orion Magazine<\/em> by Ginger Strand.<\/p>\n<p>The exact same strategy still sustains the plastics industry and is being used by groups like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plasticseurope.org\/\">http:\/\/www.plasticseurope.org\/<\/a> (100+ plastics manufacturers), and the \u201869 plastics organizations and allied industry association in 35 countries\u2019 behind <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinelittersolutions.com\/\">https:\/\/www.marinelittersolutions.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>It is a beautiful, if evil strategy, simple and elegant: once underway it is even cheap to run, as it is powered not simply by petro-dollars but by the active voluntary participation of people who care about environmental pollution.\u00a0 This is true genius.\u00a0 It co-opts the energy, goodwill and emotional commitment of those people, especially the young, who care enough about birds choked on plastic and beaches littered in plastic waste, to spend their own time, at their own expense, picking up the industrial detritus that the plastic industry creates.<\/p>\n<p>The dark charm of this strategy is that it operates in plain sight, indeed it is intended to be very visible.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinelittersolutions.com\">www.marinelittersolutions.com<\/a> explains that it has 260 projects \u2018planned, underway or completed\u2019 since 2011, such as<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinelittersolutions.com\/projects\/waste-free-environment\/\"> Waste Free Environment<\/a>, which started with school children cleaning up plastic in the Arabian Gulf and\u00a0 has now been \u2018successfully exported to Shanghai, China; Mumbai in India; Singapore; and Sittard\/Geleen and The Hague in the Netherlands\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1664\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/WFE-campaign.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/WFE-campaign.jpg 640w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/WFE-campaign-300x174.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Such projects provide something more valuable even than children happily wearing shirts emblazoned with petrochemical logos:\u00a0 they frame and visualise the problem as litter not plastic production, and they suck environmentalist energy into picking it up.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cPeople start pollution. People can stop it\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Keep America Beautiful - (Crying-Indian) - 70s PSA Commercial\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8Suu84khNGY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Above: the original tv ad, featuring actor \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iron_Eyes_Cody\">Iron Eyes Cody<\/a>\u2019, not actually an Indian although he adopted an alter ego as one and has been <a href=\"https:\/\/priceonomics.com\/the-true-story-of-the-crying-indian\/\">much written about<\/a>.\u00a0 It was launched on Earth Day 1971, one year after the first <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth_Day\">Earth Day<\/a> in 1970, \u00a0seen by many as the start of the \u2018modern\u2019 environmental movement.<\/p>\n<p>The framing is obvious but it has served the manufacturers of packaging well for nearly sixty years.\u00a0 \u2018Crying Indian\u2019 made individual consumers responsible, not the manufacturers, wholesalers or retailers.\u00a0 It then motivated individuals to accept and act on that responsibility for \u2018littering\u2019.\u00a0 Its success is measured in the many millions who take part in litter clean-ups without challenging plastic production, and in the framing, for example, of marine plastic pollution as \u2018marine litter\u2019 in the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/jrc\/en\/publication\/harm-caused-marine-litter\">research<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/marine\/good-environmental-status\/descriptor-10\/index_en.htm\">Marine Strategy Framework Directive<\/a>, and now the plans for its \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_MEMO-15-6204_en.htm\">Plastics Strategy<\/a>\u2019, by the European Commission.\u00a0 Like a spreading \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meme\">meme<\/a>\u2019, when a strategic frame colonises our thinking ranging from the European Commission\u2019s \u2018Circular Economy\u2019 down to community beach cleans, it simply has to be judged a brilliant success.<\/p>\n<p>Consequently NGO initiatives like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.breakfreefromplastic.org\/\">#Breakfreefromplastic<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/rethinkplasticalliance.eu\/\">#Rethinkplastic<\/a> which want to challenge the growing production of plastic, have their work cut out.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Roots in the 1950s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ginger Strand describes better than I can, how this strategy goes back even further than 1971.\u00a0 She points out that in the 1950s, it became US Government policy to stimulate consumer purchasing to boost the economy, and that could be encouraged by replacing reusable things with throw-away things.<\/p>\n<p>Led by beer manufacturers, refillable bottles started to be replaced by \u2018throwaway containers\u2019 and \u2018many of them were ending up as roadside trash\u2019.\u00a0 Ginger Strand records:<\/p>\n<p><em>In 1953, Vermont\u2019s state legislature had a brain wave: beer companies start pollution, legislation can stop it. They passed a statute banning the sale of beer and ale in one-way bottles. It wasn\u2019t a deposit law \u2014 it declared that beer could only be sold in returnable, reusable bottles. Anchor-Hocking, a glass manufacturer, immediately filed suit, calling the law unconstitutional. The Vermont Supreme Court disagreed in May 1954, and the law took effect. That October, Keep America Beautiful was born, declaring its intention to \u201cbreak Americans of the habit of tossing litter into streets and out of car windows.\u201d The New York Times noted that the group\u2019s leaders included \u201cexecutives of concerns manufacturing beer, beer cans, bottles, soft drinks, chewing gum, candy, cigarettes and other products.\u201d These disciples of disposability, led by William C. Stolk, president of the American Can Company, set about changing the terms in the conversation about litter.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>By 1957 Vermont was pressured into dropping its reusable bottle law and disposable drinks containers grew rapidly throughout the 1960s.\u00a0 Strand writes:<\/p>\n<p><em>In 1962, Michigan considered a ban on no-return bottles. Keep America Beautiful openly opposed it. Throughout the sixties, Keep America Beautiful and the Ad Council battled a growing demand for legislation with an increasing vilification of the individual. They spawned the slogan \u201cEvery litter bit hurts\u201d and popularized the term \u201clitterbug.\u201d In 1967, meeting at the Yale Club, they decided to go negative. \u201cThere seemed to be mutual agreement,\u201d wrote campaign coordinator David Hart, \u201cthat our \u2018soft sell\u2019 used in previous years could now be replaced by a more emphatic approach to the problem by saying that those who litter are \u2018slobs.&#8217;\u201d The next year, planners upped the ante, calling litterers \u201cpigs.\u201d The South Texas Pork Producers Council wrote in to complain.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile:<\/p>\n<p><em>At the same time, KAB\u2019s corporate sponsors made sure their own glass containers and cans never appeared as litter in the ads<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Then non-corporate members of the Ad Council (an industry foundation organising pro-bono public service ads) revolted and threatened to pull support from littering campaigns.\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Backed into a corner, KAB directors agreed to expand their work to address \u201cthe serious menace of all pollutants to the nation\u2019s health and welfare\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>The result was that an executive from the American Can Company, \u2018volunteering\u2019 for Keep America Beautiful, brought in his own company\u2019s agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burson-Marsteller\">Burson Marsteller<\/a>, who created the seminal Crying Indian ad.<\/p>\n<p>Today, in terms of what we know of human health and ecological threats, \u00a0the can industry seems a relatively benign influence compared to plastics but \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinelittersolutions.com\">www.marinelittersolutions.com<\/a> is still using the tried and tested tropes, for example with a \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinelittersolutions.com\/projects\/1276-2\/\">Don\u2019t Be A Litterbug<\/a>\u2019 campaign.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Plastics Story Now<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2017 scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2017\/07\/170719140939.htm\">from several US institutions calculated<\/a> that since the 1950s \u2018humans have created 8.3 billion metric tons of plastics \u2026 \u00a0and most of it now resides in landfills or the natural environment\u2019.\u00a0 The biggest use of plastics is packaging. Roland Geyer, lead author of the study and associate professor in University of California Santa Barbara\u2019s Bren School of Environmental Science and Management said: \u00a0&#8220;Half of all plastics become waste after four or fewer years of use.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1665\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EllenMacArthurFoundation_TheNewPlasticsEconomy_15-3-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EllenMacArthurFoundation_TheNewPlasticsEconomy_15-3-16.jpg 640w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EllenMacArthurFoundation_TheNewPlasticsEconomy_15-3-16-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org\/publications\/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics\"><em>Ellen McArthur Foundation: The New Plastics Economy<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Global plastic production still increases rapidly.\u00a0 Most heads to the environment in landfill or as pollution of seas, freshwater or soils. In 2012 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwatch.org\/global-plastic-production-rises-recycling-lags-0\">only 9% of plastic<\/a> was recycled in the US, and 27% in Europe, while it is estimated that<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org\/assets\/downloads\/EllenMacArthurFoundation_NewPlasticsEconomy_1_08.jpg\"> globally<\/a>, 32% is \u201cleakage\u201d (environmental plastic pollution to air, sea, freshwater, soils), 40% is landfilled (from which some of it may still escape), and only 14% is \u201ccollected for recycling\u201d of which just 2% is \u2018closed loop\u2019 (the European Commission\u2019s vision for a Circular Economy).\u00a0 Clearly there is a vast gap between generation of plastic pollution and recovery for recycling, and almost nowhere (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/vital-signs\/2015\/feb\/12\/science-plastic-oceans-study-fish-pollution-worse\">except possibly Finland<\/a>?) is it being brought under control.<\/p>\n<p><strong>End of the Road?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What may be ending the hegemony of that Burson Marsteller strategy is the demise of \u2018litter\u2019 as the main focus of concern.\u00a0 In the last ten years but particularly in the last few years, studies have shown that vast quantities of \u2018micro\u2019 and even \u2018nano\u2019 plastics are entering the environment\u00a0 and the food chain.\u00a0 All the big bits of visible (macro) plastic break down into <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microplastics\">microplastic<\/a>, and then become invisible.\u00a0 Everything from car tyres (made of plastic not rubber) to clothes (nylon, polyester etc) to more obvious types of plastic: bags, bottles etc, is breaking down into invisible tiny fibres and fragments.\u00a0 Deliberate \u2018microplastics\u2019 such as abrasives in toothpastes and cosmetics is just a drop in the plastic ocean (less than 4% of microplastics).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microplastics\">Wikipedia states<\/a>: \u2018Microplastics could contribute up to 30% of the \u2018plastic soup\u2019 polluting the world\u2019s oceans and \u2013 in many developed countries \u2013 are a bigger source of marine plastic pollution than the more visible larger pieces of marine litter, according to a 2017 IUCN report\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1662\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/microplastic-in-fish.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/microplastic-in-fish.jpg 640w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/microplastic-in-fish-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s only in the last two years that scientists have discovered that most of the plastic entering the oceans is probably \u2018disappearing\u2019 because it is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/vital-signs\/2015\/feb\/12\/science-plastic-oceans-study-fish-pollution-worse\">ending up in the food chain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1660\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/CIWEM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"452\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/CIWEM.jpg 452w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/CIWEM-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This is not just an aesthetic or wildlife-harming disaster but potentially an economic and sustainability catastrophe.\u00a0 If it also turns out for example that new and hazardous chemical reactions take place on the surface of micro plastics, or they otherwise affect human health, we are in big trouble.\u00a0 The UK CIWEM, the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (not exactly an alarmist organisation) recently<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ciwem.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Addicted-to-plastic-microplastic-pollution-and-prevention.pdf\"> published a report<\/a> entitled \u00a0\u2018Addicted to Plastic\u2019 which pointed out that half of all microplastic pollution remains on land, and large amounts of microplastics removed at sewage treatment works end up back on farmland as they are spread in fertiliser \u2018sludge\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>The little-reported CIWEM paper says Circular Economy measures \u2018should include improved product design and substitution, extended producer responsibility and deposit return schemes\u2019.\u00a0 Back to the future then.<\/p>\n<p>We know that micro and nano-plastics <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16510-3_13.pdf\">can get into human bodies<\/a> because they are sometimes put there for therapeutic purposes, such as carrying drugs.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1661\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/micro-nano-in-gut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/micro-nano-in-gut.jpg 417w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/micro-nano-in-gut-195x300.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Above: possible routes across gut to body for plastics.<\/p>\n<p><em>Image from <\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16510-3_13.pdf\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16510-3_13.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tamara S. Galloway in book: Marine Anthropogenic Litter, Edition: 1, Chapter: Micro and nanoplastics and human health, Publisher: Springer Open, Editors: Melanie Bergmann, lars Gutow, Michael Klages, pp.343-366, July 2015?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>With multiplying trillions of invisible microplastic particles circulating in our environment, getting into air, food and water, this is not a problem we can escape from. \u00a0The only answer is for policy-makers to adopt a sea-change in their approach to plastics and reduce it to essential uses and those which can be guaranteed to be 100% recovered and recycled.\u00a0 \u00a0Plastic campaigns will need to adapt too.\u00a0 And what of the industry ?\u00a0 Given what we now know, it has to be evil to continue with that beautiful strategy of reframing, deception and misdirection.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1659\" src=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/artificial-turf-pic-wiki.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/artificial-turf-pic-wiki.jpg 640w, https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/artificial-turf-pic-wiki-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Above: small fragments of plastic \u2018rubber\u2019 from recycled tyres used in an artificial football pitch, found near a stream.\u00a0 Ironically Burson Marsteller (see above) also invented the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/corporatewatch.org\/content\/burson-marsteller-overview\">astro-turf<\/a>\u201d (fake protest) strategy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As the planet fills up with plastic and the EU ponders its new \u2018plastics strategy\u2019, is the great re-framing and concern co-option strategy of the plastics industry finally going to run out of road?\u00a0 The threat of invisible omnipresent micro-plastics &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/?p=1656\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1656"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1669,"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656\/revisions\/1669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}